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Helmholtz pitch notation : ウィキペディア英語版 | Helmholtz pitch notation
Helmholtz pitch notation is a system for naming musical notes of the Western chromatic scale. Developed by the German scientist Hermann von Helmholtz, it uses a combination of upper and lower case letters (A to G),〔The letter B is used in Germany to designate a standard B flat, H is used for B natural.〕 and the sub- and super-prime symbols ( ͵ ′ ) to describe each individual note of the scale. It is one of two formal systems for naming notes in a particular octave, the other being scientific pitch notation.〔Schmidt-Jones, Catherine (Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System ). Retrieved on 3 August 2007.〕 ==History== Helmholtz developed this system, inspired by the practice of German organ makers for labelling their pipes, in order to accurately define pitches in his classical work on acoustics ''Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen als physiologische Grundlage für die Theorie der Musik'' (1863) translated into English by A. J. Ellis as ''On the Sensations of Tone'' (1875).〔The Concise Grove Dictionary of Music: ''(Hermann von Helmholtz ), Oxford University Press (1994), ''Answers.com''. Retrieved 3 August 2007.〕 The system is widely used by musicians across Europe and is the one used in the New Grove Dictionary. Once also widely used by scientists and doctors when discussing the scientific and medical aspects of sound in relation to the auditory system, it has now largely been replaced in American scientific and medical contexts by scientific pitch notation.〔Blood, Brian. "(music theory online: staffs, clefs & pitch notation )". Retrieved on 2 August 2007.〕
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